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Steven J. Brams (born November 28, 1940, in Concord, New Hampshire) is a game theorist and political scientist at the New York University Department of Politics. Brams is best known for using the techniques of game theory, public choice theory, and social choice theory to analyze voting systems and fair division. He is one of the independent discoverers of approval voting,〔 〕 as well as an extension of approval voting to multiple-winner elections known as Satisfaction approval voting.〔Steven J. Brams, D. Marc Kilgour (2014): "Satisfaction approval voting." Voting Power and Procedures, pp 323-346 ()〕 Brams was a co-discoverer, with Alan Taylor, of the first envy-free cake-cutting solution for ''n'' people.〔 〕〔Fair Division http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cake_cutting_problem〕 Previous to the Brams-Taylor procedure, the cake-cutting problem had been one of the most important open problems in contemporary mathematics.〔 http://discovermagazine.com/1995/mar/dividingthespoil479/ 〕 He is co-inventor with Taylor of the fair-division procedure, Adjusted Winner,〔Adjusted Winner http://www.nyu.edu/projects/adjustedwinner〕 which was patented by New York University in 1999 (# 5,983,205).〔Adjusted Winner US patent http://www.google.com/patents/about/5983205_Computer_based_method_for_the_fa.html?id=C8QWAAAAEBAJ〕 Adjusted Winner has been licensed to a Boston law firm, which formed a company, Fair Outcomes, Inc.,〔Fair Outcomes, Inc. http://www.FairOutcomes.com〕 that markets several fair-division algorithms. Brams has applied game theory to a wide variety of strategic situations, from the Bible〔''Biblical Games: Game Theory and the Hebrew Bible.'' Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1980. Rev. ed., 2003 (MIT Press). Japanese translation, 2006〕〔''Game Theory and the Humanities: Bridging Two Worlds.'' Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011〕 to international relations.〔''Superpower Games: Applying Game Theory to Superpower Conflict.'' New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985〕〔Co-authored with D. Marc Kilgour, ''Game Theory and National Security.'' New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988. Spanish translation, 1989〕 ==Education== Brams earned his B.S. at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Politics, Economics, and Science in 1962. In 1966, he earned his Ph.D. in Political Science at Northwestern University. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Steven Brams」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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